India Sees China as Primary Adversary, Pakistan as Ancillary Security Problem: US Threat Assessment
India now views China as its primary adversary and Pakistan as an ancillary security problem to be managed, according to the ‘2025 Worldwide Threat Assessment’ report released by the United States Defence Intelligence Agency (DIA). The report provides a comprehensive overview of the world’s evolving defence priorities.
What does the US threat assessment say about India’s security priorities?
The report states that India’s defence focus will remain on demonstrating global leadership, countering China, and enhancing military power. Despite recent cross-border attacks between India and Pakistan in mid-May, New Delhi considers China the main strategic challenge. At the same time, Pakistan is seen as a secondary issue to be contained.
What happened during the recent India-Pakistan escalation?
Following a terrorist attack in Jammu and Kashmir in late April, India conducted missile strikes on terror infrastructure inside Pakistan. This triggered multiple rounds of missile, drone, and artillery attacks between the two militaries from May 7 to May 10. Both sides agreed to a full ceasefire by May 10, temporarily de-escalating the situation.
How is India countering China’s influence?
To counter China, India is prioritising defence partnerships in the Indian Ocean region through joint exercises, training, arms sales, and information sharing. India has also increased trilateral and multilateral engagement in the Indo-Pacific, participating actively in forums like the Quad, BRICS, SCO, and ASEAN.
In October 2024, India and China agreed to disengage from two remaining friction points along the disputed Line of Actual Control in eastern Ladakh. While this reduced tensions, it did not resolve the broader border dispute.
How is India modernising its military?
The report highlights India’s continued push to modernise its military, including testing the Agni-I Prime MRBM and Agni-V MIRV missiles, and commissioning its second nuclear-powered submarine to strengthen its nuclear triad. The ‘Made in India’ initiative remains a priority for building domestic defence capability and mitigating supply chain risks.
What is India’s approach to Russia?
India will maintain its relationship with Russia through 2025, viewing it as important for economic and defence objectives and as a counterbalance to growing Russia-China ties. While India has reduced procurement of Russian-origin equipment, it still relies on Russian spare parts to sustain its large inventory of tanks and fighter jets.
